Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test 2025 - Free AOCNP Practice Questions and Study Guide

Tumor lysis syndrome is a significant and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a rapid breakdown of cancer cells, commonly after the initiation of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The correct answer highlights the hallmark laboratory abnormalities associated with this syndrome.

Hyperuricemia results from the release of purines during cell lysis, which are metabolized to uric acid. This can lead to acute renal failure as the kidneys struggle to excrete the excess uric acid, particularly if dehydration is also present. Hyperkalemia occurs due to the release of potassium from lysed cells, which can cause serious cardiac complications if not managed. Hypocalcemia arises because the rapid release of phosphates (also from lysed cells) can lead to precipitation of calcium in tissues, resulting in lower serum calcium levels.

The identification of these specific metabolic derangements is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention, making option A the correct representation of the common symptoms associated with tumor lysis syndrome. Other symptoms listed in the incorrect options, such as diarrhea, vomiting, hypertension, fever, and weight loss, may be associated with other conditions or side effects of cancer treatment but are not specific indicators of tumor lysis syndrome.